2022年普通高等學(xué)校招生全國統(tǒng)一考試（全國乙卷）

 英語 

注意事項：

1. 答卷前，考生務(wù)必將自己的姓名、準考證號填寫在答題卡上。

2. 回答選擇題時，選出每小題答案后，用鉛筆把答題卡上對應(yīng)題目的答案標號涂黑。如需改動，用橡皮擦干凈后，再選涂其他答案標號。回答非選擇題時，將答案寫在答題卡上，寫在本試卷上無效。

3. 考試結(jié)束后，將本試卷和答題卡一并交回。

第一部分聽力（共兩節(jié)，滿分30分）

做題時，先將答案標在試卷上。錄音內(nèi)容結(jié)束后，你將有兩分鐘的時間將試卷上的答案轉(zhuǎn)涂到答題卡上。

第一節(jié)（共5小題；每小題1.5分，滿分7.5分）

聽下面5段對話。每段對話后有一個小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個選項中選出最佳選項。聽完每段對話后，你都有10秒鐘的時間來回答有關(guān)小題和閱讀下一小題。每段對話僅讀一遍。

例：How much is the shirt?

A. ￡19.15.      B. ￡9.18.      C. ￡9.15.

答案是C。

1. What does the man want to do?

A. Have breakfast.      B. Take a walk.      C. Call his office.

2. What was George doing last night?

A. Having a meeting.      B. Flying home.      C. Working on a project.

3. Why does the man suggest going to the park?

A. It's big.      B. It's quiet.      C. It's new.

4. How does the woman sound?

A. Annoyed.      B. Pleased.      C. Puzzled.

5. Where is the man's table?

A. Near the door.      B. By the window.      C. In the corner.

第二節(jié)（共15小題；每小題1.5分，滿分22.5分）

聽下面5段對話或獨白。每段對話或獨白后有幾個小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個選項中選出最佳選項。聽每段對話或獨白前，你將有時間閱讀各個小題，每小題5秒鐘；聽完后，各小題將給出5秒鐘的作答時間。每段對話或獨白讀兩遍。

聽第6段材料，回答第6、7題。

6. What are the speakers going to do tonight?

A. Eat out.      B. Go shopping.      C. Do sports.

7. What is the probable relationship between the speakers?

A. Boss and secretary.      B. Hostess and guest.      C. Husband and wife.

聽第7段材料，回答第8、9題。

8. Why does the woman think July is the best time to move?

A. Their business is slow.      B. The weather is favorable.      C. It's easy to hire people.

9. How will they handle the moving?

A. Finish it all at once.      B. Have the sales section go first.      C. Do one department at a time.

聽第8段材料，回答第10至12題。

10. What did Peter learn from his grandfather?

A. How to appreciate art works.      B. How to deal with artists.      C. How to run a museum.

11. What did Peter do in Chicago?

A. He studied at a college.      B. He served in the army.      C. He worked in a gallery.

12. Whose works did Peter like best?

A. Rembrandt's.      B. Botticelli's.      C. Rubens'.

聽第9段材料，回答第13至16題。

13. Where does the conversation take place?

A. At a library.      B. In a law firm.      C. On a train.

14. By what time did John plan to finish his term paper?

A. March.      B. August.      C. October.

15. Why did John quit his part-time job?

A. He had to catch up with his study.      B. He was offered a better one.      C. He got tired of it.

16. What is Susan's attitude to John's problem?

A. Carefree.      B. Understanding.      C. Forgiving.

聽第10段材料，回答第17至20題。

17. What did the speaker do before the year 2012?

A. A fitness coach.      B. A chess player.      C. A marathon runner.

18. Why was the 2016 Olympics important for the speaker?

A. He was motivated by Bolt.      B. He broke a world record.      C. He won fifth place.

19. Which is the hardest for the speaker?

A. Getting over an injury.      B. Doing strength training.      C. Representing Botswana.

20. What is the speaker mainly talking about?

A. His plan to go for the gold.

B. His experience on the track.

C. His love for his home country.

第二部分閱讀理解（共兩節(jié)，滿分40分）

第一節(jié)（共15小題；每小題2分，滿分30分）

閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C和D四個選項中，選出最佳選項。

A

Henry Raeburn（1756-1823）

The Exhibition

This exhibition of some sixty masterpieces celebrating the life and work of Scotland's best loved painter, Sir Henry Raeburn, comes to London. Selected from collections throughout the world, it is the first major exhibition of his work to be held in over forty years.

Lecture Series

Scottish National Portrait（肖像畫）Gallery presents a series of lectures for the general public. They are held in the Lecture Room. Admission to lectures is free.

Exhibition Times

Monday-Saturday 10.00-17.45        Sunday 12.00-17.45

Last admission to the exhibition: 17.15. There is no re-admission.

Closed: 24-26 December and 1 January.

Admission

￡4. Children under 12 years accompanied by an adult are admitted free.

Schools and Colleges

A special low entrance charge of f2 per person is available to all in full-time education,up to and including those at first degree level, in organised groups with teachers.

21. What is the right time for attending Raeburn's English Contemporaries?

A. Sun. 26 Oct.      B. Thurs. 30 Oct.      C. Thurs. 6 Nov.      D. Thurs.13 Nov.

22. How much would a couple with two children under 12 pay for admission?

A. ￡4.      B. ￡8.      C. ￡12.      D. ￡16.

23. How can full-time students get group discounts?

A. They should go on Sunday mornings.       B. They should come from art schools.

C. They must be led by teachers.            D. They must have ID cards with them.

B

In 1916, two girls of wealthy families, best friends from Auburn, N. Y.—DorothyWoodruff and Rosamond Underwood—traveled to a settlement in the Rocky Mountains toteach in a one-room schoolhouse. The girls had gone to Smith College. They wore expensiveclothes. So for them to move to Elkhead, Colo. to instruct the children whose shoes were heldtogether with string was a surprise. Their stay in Elkhead is the subject of Nothing Daunted:The Unexpected Education of Two Society Girls in the West by Dorothy Wickenden, who is amagazine editor and Dorothy Woodruff's granddaughter.

Why did they go then? Well, they wanted to do something useful. Soon, however, theyrealized what they had undertaken.

They moved in with a local family, the Harrisons, and, like them, had little privacy, rarebaths, and a blanket of snow on their quilt when they woke up in the morning. Somemornings, Rosamond and Dorothy would arrive at the schoolhouse to find the children weeping from the cold. In spring, the snow was replaced by mud over ice.

In Wickenden's book, she expanded on the history of the West and also on feminism,which of course influenced the girls' decision to go to Elkhead. A hair-raising sectionconcerns the building of the railroads, which entailed（牽涉）drilling through the Rockies,often in blinding snowstorms. The book ends with Rosamond and Dorothy's return to Auburn.

Wickenden is a very good storyteller. The sweep of the land and the stoicism（堅忍）ofthe people move her to some beautiful writing. Here is a picture of Dorothy Woodruff, on herhorse, looking down from a hill top: "When the sun slipped behind the mountains, it shed arosy glow all around them. Then a full moon rose. The snow was marked only by smallanimals: foxes, coyotes, mice, and varying hares, which turned white in the winter."

24. Why did Dorothy and Rosamond go to the Rocky Mountains?

A. To teach in a school.      B. To study American history.

C. To write a book.         D. To do sightseeing.

25. What can we learn about the girls from paragraph 3?

A. They enjoyed much respect.        B. They had a room with a bathtub.

C. They lived with the local kids.      D. They suffered severe hardships.

26. Which part of Wickenden's writing is hair-raising?

A. The extreme climate of Auburn.          B. The living conditions in Elkhead.

C. The railroad building in the Rockies.      D. The natural beauty of the West.

27. What is the text?

A. A news report.      B. A book review.      C. A children's story.      D. A diary entry.

C

Can a small group of drones（無人機）guarantee the safety and reliability of railways and, at the same time, help railway operators save billions of euros each year? That is the very likely future of applying today's "eyes in the sky" technology to making sure that the millions of kilometres of rail tracks and infrastructure（基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施）worldwide are safe for trains on a 24/7 basis.

Drones are already being used to examine high-tension electrical lines. They could doprecisely the same thing to inspect railway lines and other vital aspects of rail infrastructure such as the correct position of railway tracks and switching points. The more regularly theycan be inspected, the more railway safety, reliability and on-time performance will beimproved. Costs would be cut and operations would be more efficient（高效）across the board.

That includes huge savings in maintenance costs and better protection of railwaypersonnel safety. It is calculated that European railways alone spend approximately 20 billioneuros a year on maintenance, including sending maintenance staff, often at night, to inspectand repair the rail infrastructure. That can be dangerous work that could be avoided withdrones assisting the crews' efforts.

By using the latest technologies, drones could also start providing higher-value servicesfor railways, detecting faults in the rail or switches, before they can cause any safety problems. To perform these tasks, drones for rail don't need to be flying overhead. Engineers are nowworking on a new concept: the rail drones of the future. They will be moving on the track aheadof the train, and programmed to run autonomously. Very small drones with advanced sensorsand AI and travelling ahead of the train could guide it like a co-pilot. With their ability to seeahead, they could signal any problem, so that fast-moving trains would be able to react in time.

28. What makes the application of drones to rail lines possible?

A. The use of drones in checking on power lines.      B. Drones' ability to work at high altitudes.

C. The reduction of cost in designing drones.         D. Drones' reliable performance in remote areas.

29. What does "maintenance" underlined in paragraph 3 refer to?

A. Personnel safety.         B. Assistance from drones.

C. Inspection and repair.      D. Construction of infrastructure.

30. What function is expected of the rail drones?

A. To provide early warning.        B. To make trains run automatically.

C. To earn profits for the crews.      D. To accelerate transportation.

31. Which is the most suitable title for the text?

A. What Faults Can Be Detected with Drones

B. How Production of Drones Can Be Expanded

C. What Difficulty Drone Development Will Face

D. How Drones Will Change the Future of Railways

D

The Government's sugar tax on soft drinks has brought in half as much money asMinisters first predicted it would generate, the first official data on the policy has shown.

First announced in April, 2016, the tax which applies to soft drinks containing more than5g of sugar per 100ml, was introduced to help reduce childhood obesity（肥胖）. It is believedthat today's children and teenagers are consuming three times the recommended level of sugar,putting them at a higher risk of the disease.

Initially the sugar tax was expected to make ￡520m a year for the Treasury. However, dataof the first six months showed it would make less than half this amount. At present it isexpected to generate ￡240m for the year ending in April 2019, which will go to school sports.

It comes after more than half of soft drinks sold in shops have had their sugar levels cut bymanufacturers（制造商）so they can avoid paying the tax. Drinks now contain 45 million fewerkilos of sugar as a result of manufacturers' efforts to avoid the charge, according to Treasuryfigures. Since April drinks companies have been forced to pay between 18p and 24p for everylitre of sugary drink they produce or import, depending on the sugar content.

However, some high sugar brands, like Classic Coca Cola, have accepted the sugar tax andare refusing to change for fear of upsetting consumers. Fruit juices, milk-based drinks and most alcoholic drinks are free of the tax, as are small companies manufacturing fewer than 1m litresper year.

Today's figures, according to one government official, show the positive influence thesugar tax is having by raising millions of pounds for sports facilities（設(shè)施）and healthiereating in schools. Helping the next generation to have a healthy and active childhood is ofgreat importance, and the industry is playing its part.

32. Why was the sugar tax introduced?

A. To collect money for schools.      B. To improve the quality of drinks.

C. To protect children's health.       D. To encourage research in education.

33. How did some drinks companies respond to the sugar tax?

A. They turned to overseas markets.        B. They raised the prices of their products.

C. They cut down on their production.      D. They reduced their products' sugar content.

34. From which of the following is the sugar tax collected?

A. Most alcoholic drinks.      B. Milk-based drinks.      C. Fruit juices.      D. Classic Coke.

35. What can be inferred about the adoption of the sugar tax policy?

A. It is a short-sighted decision.      B. It is a success story.

C. It benefits manufacturers.        D. It upsets customers.

第二節(jié)（共5小題；每小題2分，滿分10分）

根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的選項中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項。選項中有兩項為多余選項。

Friendship needs care and attention to keep it in good health. Here are five ways to sustain（保持）long-distance friendships.

·Set a regular date

Long-lasting friendships share the characteristic that both sides equally contact（聯(lián)系）and share with one another. With busy schedules, squeezing in phone calls can be a challenge.   36 

·More isn't always merrier

Make sure you have communicated with your friend about how frequently each of youwants to be contacted and what method works best for you both.   37   . There are alternatives to constant written communication, such as leaving voice messages or having a group chat.

·Practise empathy（共情）

  38   . The friend who is remaining needs to be sensitive to all the additional timedemands placed on the friend who has moved. The one in the new environment should besympathetic to the fact that your friend may feel abandoned.

·  39 

Anniversaries and birthdays carry even more weight in long-distance friendships. Althoughtechnology might make day-to-day communication possible, extra effort goes a long way onspecial days. Simply keeping a diary that keeps track of friends' birthdays and other importantdates will make sure nothing slips by you.

·Don't rely on technology alone

  40   , but long-distance friendships -even close ones -may require more consciouseffort to sustain. Try to seek out chances to renew friendships. How to do it? Just spendface-to-face time together whenever possible.

A. Remember important dates

B. Compensate by writing letters

C. It is also helpful for you to be a friendship keeper

D. Try to find a time that works for both of you and stick to it

E. Friends need to talk about their preferred methods of communication

F. It is easy to have a sense of connectedness through social media

G. You may be the friend who left or the one who was left behind

語言知識運用（共兩節(jié)，滿分45分）

第一節(jié)（共20小題；每小題1.5分，滿分30分）

閱讀下面短文，從短文后各題所給的A、B、C和D四個選項中，選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項。

Young children across the globe enjoy playing games of hide and seek. For them, there's something highly exciting about   41   someone else's glance and making oneself unableto be seen.

However, we all witness that preschool children are remarkably  42  at hiding. They often cover only their eyes with their hands, leaving the rest of their bodies  43   .

For a long time, this ineffective hiding method was  44  as evidence that children are hopelessly "egocentric"（自我中心的）creatures. But our  45  research results in child developmental psychology   46   that idea.

We brought young children aged 2-4 into our Minds in Development Lab at USC. Each   47   sat down with an adult who covered her own eyes or   48   . We then asked the child if she could  49  or hear the adult. Surprisingly, children replied that they couldn't. The same  50  happened when the adult covered her own mouth:51  children said that they couldn't   52   to her.

A number of   53   ruled out that the children misunderstood what they were beingasked. The results were clear: Our young subjects   54   the questions and knew   55   what was asked of them. Their   56   to the questions reflected their true   57   that "Ican see you only if you can see me, too." They simply   58   mutual（相互的）recognitionand regard. Our   59   suggest when a child "hides" by putting a blanket over her head, it isnot a result of egocentrism. In fact, children consider this method   60   when others use it.

41. A. following         B. taking            C. escaping             D. directing

42. A. clever            B. bad              C. scared               D. quick

43. A. exposed           B. examined         C. untouched           D. imbalanced

44. A. supported         B. guaranteed         C. imagined            D. interpreted

45. A. disappointing      B. mixed             C. surprising            D. desired

46. A. explained         B. confirmed          C. contradicted          D. tested

47. A. parent            B. child              C. researcher            D. doctor

48. A. feet              B. nose              C. hands                D. ears

49. A. see               B. help              C. reach                D. fool

50. A. event             B. thing              C. action                D. accident

51. A. Yet               B. Now              C. Soon                 D. Once

52. A. speak             B. listen              C. tum                  D. wave

53. A. instructions        B. descriptions         C. experiments            D. assumptions

54. A. comprehended      B. predicted           C. explored               D. ignored

55. A. partly              B. honestly           C. vaguely                D. exactly

56. A. responses            B. approaches        C. contribution             D. sensitivity

57. A. ability               B. belief             C. identity               D. purpose

58. A. hold back            B. relate to           C. insist on               D. make up

59. A. limitations           B. requirements       C. theories                D. findings

60. A. tentative             B. impressive         C. creative                D. effective

第二節(jié)（共10小題；每小題1.5分，滿分15分）

閱讀下面短文，在空白處填入1個適當?shù)膯卧~或括號內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。

May 21st this year marks the first International Tea Day, which was named officially  61  the United Nations on November 27th, 2019. To celebrate  62  festival, a number of events took place at the Chinese Businessman Museum in Beijing on Thursday.

The chairman of the China Culture Promotion Society  63  （address）the opening ceremony. "As a main promoter of the International Tea Day, the birthplace of tea and the  64  （large）tea-producing country, China has a  65  （responsible）to work with other countries to promote the healthy development of the tea industry. It can help to build a community with a  66  （share）future for mankind," he said.

The "First International Tea Day Tea Road Cooperative Initiative" issued（發(fā)布）at the ceremony calls for people working in the tea industry to come together to promoteinternational cooperation   67   cultural exchanges. A four-year tea promotion—Tea RoadCooperative Plan—was also issued in accordance with the initiative.

  68  （strengthen）the connection with young people, the event included a number of public promotional activities on social media,   69  （invite）twenty-nine tea professionalsfrom around the world to have thirty-six hours of uninterrupted live broadcasts.

The Chinese Ancient Tea Museum was officially unveiled（揭幕）at the ceremony, opening   70  （it）first exhibition: The Avenue of Truth—A Special Exhibition of Pu'er Tea.

第四部分寫作（共兩節(jié)，滿分35分）

第一節(jié)，短文改錯（共10小題；每小題1分，滿分10分）

假定英語課上老師要求同桌之間交換修改作文，請你修改你同桌寫的以下作文。文中共有10處語言錯誤，每句中最多有兩處。每處錯誤僅涉及一個單詞的增加、刪除或修改

增加：在缺詞處加一個漏字符號（^），并在其下面寫出該加的詞。

刪除：把多余的詞用斜線（\）劃掉。

修改：在錯的詞下劃一橫線，并在該詞下面寫出修改后的詞。

注意：1．每處錯誤及其修改均僅限一詞；

2．只允許修改10處，多者（從第11處起）不計分。

We all know that cycling is a greatly exercise. A doctor tells me people

who lives the longest are dancers and cyclists. Maybe it is because the

combination of fresh air, smooth movement and exercise. Whether you ride

a bicycle, you don't use petrol. So they are not producing carbon dioxide

and not cause air pollution. Just see how cars have been taken over our cities.

They often run at high speeds, what may put our lives in danger. And there were

traffic jams, too. Our cities will be better places if we replace cars with bicycle.

第二節(jié)書面表達（滿分25分）

學(xué)校英文報正在開展以Learning English Beyond the Classroom為題的討論。請使用圖表中的調(diào)查結(jié)果寫一篇短文投稿，內(nèi)容包括：

1．學(xué)習活動狀況描述：

2．簡單評論；

3．你的建議。

注意：

1．詞數(shù)100左右；

2．短文的題目和首句已為你寫好。