some和any都表示 “一些” ,但是“some”用于肯定句 ,any用于否定句和疑問句。some用在肯定句里，any用在否定句和疑問句里。并且將這條規(guī)則作為解題的定理。

some和any的一般用法

1.some和any是限定詞，它們與不可數(shù)名詞和名詞復(fù)數(shù)連用。它們的意思與不定冠詞a/an大體相同。試比較：

I haven't got a car.我沒有汽車。(單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞)

Have you got anyaspirins?你有阿司匹林嗎?(復(fù)數(shù)名詞)

I need some medicine.我需要一點(diǎn)兒藥。(不可數(shù)名詞)

sme一般用在肯定句中；any用在疑問句和否定句中。試比較:

I wantsome razor-blades.我要幾個(gè)刀片。

Have you got any razor- blades?你有刀片嗎?

Sorry， I haven' t got any razor- blades.對不起，我沒有刀片。

當(dāng)我們期待一個(gè)正面回答或要鼓勵(lì)人家說“是”時(shí)，才在疑問句中用some。

Could I have some brown rice， please?請給我一些糙米，好嗎？

Have you got someglasses you could lend me?你有沒有幾只玻璃杯可以借給我?

Would you likesome more beer?你還要再來點(diǎn)啤酒嗎?

在實(shí)際上含否定意思的肯定句中要用any，例如可與 never，without， hardly， prevent等詞連用。在與if連用的句子中，some和amy均可用。

Younever give me any help.你從未給過我任何幫助。

We got there without anytrouble.我們到了那兒，未遇到任何煩。

There's hardly anytea left.幾乎沒剩下什么茶。

The noise of the party preventedme from getting any sleep.晚會的吵鬧聲使我根本睡不著。

If you want some/anyhelp, let me know.你要是需要一些(任何)幫助，就告訴我。

請注意：如果some用作限定詞(放在名詞前，或在詞組some more中)，一般要弱讀成[sm]。

2.特別當(dāng)我們談到不確定的、未肯定的、未知的數(shù)目或數(shù)量時(shí)，用some和any。試比較：

You' ve got somegreat jazz record.你有一些很好的爵土樂唱片。

You' ve got beautiful toes.你的腳指頭真漂亮。(假如某人說"You've got some beautiful toes，這就意味著哪幾個(gè)腳指頭是漂亮的還不能肯定—也許六個(gè)或七個(gè)，但不是全部十個(gè)。)

Would you like some morebeer?( as much as you like)你還要再來點(diǎn)啤酒嗎?

We need beer, sugar, butter, eggs, rice, and toilet paper.(=the usual quantities）我們需要啤酒、糖、黃油、雞蛋、大米和衛(wèi)生紙。

Have you got anyanimals?你養(yǎng)什么動物了嗎?

Do you like animals?(= all animals)你喜歡動物嗎？

3.some和any可以用作代詞

“Beer?"—“Thanks， I've got some！”“酒?”—“謝謝，我有一些。

“Did you get the oil?”—“No， they hadn't got any.”“你弄到油了嗎?”—“沒有，他們一點(diǎn)也沒有?！?/p>

在另一限定詞(冠詞，指示詞或物主詞)或代詞前，我們用some of和 any of 。

Would you like some of thesecigarettes?這些香煙，你是不是來幾根？

I couldn't understand any of thelectures.這些報(bào)告我一個(gè)也不懂。

Have some of myice-cream.來點(diǎn)我的冰激凌。

I don't think any of uswant(s) to work tomorrow.我認(rèn)為我們中沒有任何人明天還要工作。

請注意：當(dāng)any of后面跟復(fù)數(shù)名詞或代詞時(shí)，動詞可以是單數(shù)，也可以是復(fù)數(shù)。在正式文體中，單數(shù)的動詞更常用。

If any of your friends is/areinterested, let me know.要是你有任何朋友感興趣，請告訴我。

當(dāng)some用作代詞(單獨(dú)或與of連用)時(shí)，要重讀成[sm]。試比較：

We need some oil.[sm]我們需要一些油。

I've lost some of the oil.[sm]我損失了一些油。

4.在否定句中，no或none可用來代替 not any，語氣更強(qiáng)。

no是限定詞，none是代詞。試比較：

We haven't got anytime.我們沒有時(shí)間。

We' ve got notime at all.我們一點(diǎn)時(shí)間也沒有。

There aren't anyleft.什么也沒剩下。

There are noneleft—not one.沒剩下，連一個(gè)也沒剩下。

(請記?。篴ny通常與不可數(shù)名詞和復(fù)數(shù)名詞連用，而不與單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞連用。我們說 I haven' t got a car，不能說I havent got any car.）

要表達(dá)no的含義，不能單獨(dú)用any；需用not來表達(dá)否定的意思。

典型錯(cuò)誤： I had anyideas； my head was completely empty.

應(yīng)為:I didn't have anyideas…或 I had no ideas…）

some和any的用法怎么區(qū)分

一、some和any作為形容詞或代詞，可以用來說明或代替復(fù)數(shù)名詞或不可數(shù)名詞，表示不定量，意為“一些”，其區(qū)別是：對其所說明或代替的名詞持肯定態(tài)度時(shí)，用some；持非肯定（否定或疑問）態(tài)度時(shí)，用any。

在以下句子中使用some：

1.肯定句（包括肯定的陳述句和祈使句以及反意疑問句中肯定的陳述部分）。如：

There are some new books on the teacher's desk.

We have a lot of sugar. Take some with you, please.

He bought some bread, didn't he?

2.持肯定態(tài)度的一般疑問句。如：

Are there some stamps in that drawer?

Didn't she give you some money?

3.表示請求或建議的一般疑問句，通常都希望得到對方肯定的答復(fù)，所以也用some。如：

May I ask you some questions?

Would you like some tea?

4.特殊疑問句及選擇疑問句。因?yàn)樘厥庖蓡柧浜瓦x擇疑問句并不對some所說明或代替的名詞表示疑問。如：

Where can I get some buttons?

Do you have some pens or pencils?

在以下句子中使用ANY：

1.否定句（包括否定的陳述句和祈使句以及反意疑問句中否定的陳述部分）。如：

I can't give you any help now.

Do not make any noise.

There weren't any trees here, were there?

2.含有除not以外的其他否定詞或否定結(jié)構(gòu)的句子。如：

Jim hardly makes any mistakes in his homework.

He went to London without any money in his pocket.

She was too poor to buy any new clothes.

3.一般疑問句（持肯定態(tài)度的除外）。如：

Did she buy any tomatoes yesterday?

I want some paper. Do you have any?

4.條件狀語從句。如：

If you are looking for any ink, you can find it on my desk.

If there are any good apples there, get me two kilos, please.

因?yàn)闂l件句“如果……”表達(dá)的也是不肯定的態(tài)度。所以，如果說話者持肯定的態(tài)度或期待得到肯定的答復(fù)時(shí)，則可以用some。如：

Bring me two pieces of paper if you have some.

5.whether/if（是否）引導(dǎo)的名詞從句。如：

It is still unknown whether they have found any proof.

He asked if he could drink any cool water.

二、some還可表示“某些”或用在單數(shù)名詞前表示“某一個(gè)”。any則可用于表示“任何一些”或“（至少3個(gè)中）任何一個(gè)”，二者均可用于肯定或非肯定的句子中。如：

I don't like some of them.

He is working at some place in the north.

Any criminal(s) will be punished.

You can take any of these.

三、some和any也可作為副詞，用于比較級前，表示程度，意為“稍許，幾分”，用法與其作形容詞或代詞表示“一些”時(shí)基本相同。如：

He feels some better now.

She was so tired that she could not go any further.

some還可以用在數(shù)字之前，意為“大約”。如：

He is some forty years old.

四、由some-和any-構(gòu)成的復(fù)合不定代詞和不定副詞，其用法區(qū)別多與some和any相同。如：

Something is wrong with her eyes.

There is not anybody in this room.

Have you seen it anywhere?

Haven't you forgotten something?（持肯定態(tài)度）